Outbreaks of a native jewel beetle, Agrilus grandis (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), on commercial black wattle, Acacia mearnsii, plantations in South Africa

In early 2024, an outbreak of an unknown wood-borer was observed in Acacia mearnsii De Wild (black wattle) compartments in the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, causing symptoms of excessive resin production. Larvae uncovered beneath the bark were morphologically identified as a flathead borer, prompting urgent investigation due to the historically low impact of wood-borers on black wattle in South Africa. DNA sequencing of the COI and CytB regions of the larvae failed to yield conclusive matches, so infested logs were collected and the infesting insects reared, resulting in the emergence of three adult beetles. Morphological examination of the adults revealed them as being Agrilus grandis Gory & Laporte 1839, a native African jewel beetle. Comparison to historical specimens housed in the FABI Insect Reference Collection based at the University of Pretoria revealed a previous, unpublished outbreak of the same species in Acacia mearnsii in 1974. However, this is the first official report of A. grandis infestations on A. mearnsii in South Africa.