Puntos críticos y dinámicas socioecológicas del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bajo cubierta en núcleos productivos colombianos

Tomato cultivation in Colombia must balance market demands while minimizing environmental impact. Despite productivity improvements, it still depends on external inputs such as phytosanitary products, fertilizers, and infrastructure that produce waste. Hence, the transition to sustainable cropping requires recognition of positive aspects and areas for improvement. This study aims to identify critical points in tomato cultivation under low-tech greenhouses in two different geographic regions in Colombia. The socio- ecological systems framework was adopted to promote a transition to sustainable production. The methodology considered the selection of 13 variables and 33 topics of analysis collected through the application of semi -structured interviews with key actors (32) and structured interviews with tomato producers (124). Fourteen critical points were identified across social, environmental, and productive components, categorized into: system of units and resources, governance, actors and production systems, and interactions. Notable points include ecosystem services related to water and soil provision, land tenure, technology adoption, and pollutant reduction practices. These points are crucial for driving a shift towards sustainable production in the regionsstudied.