Implications of orthodontic treatment on esthetics, oral health and quality of life in adult patients

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on people's daily lives, resulting in lifestyle changes, social distancing, isolation, as well as economic consequences. An evaluation of the effects of COVID-19 on oral health is necessary. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on periodontal health and quality of life in adult patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study methodology was based on a questionnaire consisting of 20 items addressed to patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The questions concerned the frequency and duration of toothbrushing, brushing techniques as well as the use of auxiliary means of oral hygiene, with the objective of drawing conclusions regarding the oral health of this patient population. Additionally, 5 items adapted from the Oral Health Impact Profile-5 (OHIP-5) were included, asking subjects how frequently they had experienced specific problems during orthodontic treatment. RESULTS: The oral health of adult patients undergoing orthodontic treatment was influenced by the technique, frequency and means of toothbrushing. During fixed orthodontic treatment, pathological changes in periodontal tissues were often observed (23.6-56.4%), along with other conditions influencing patients' quality of life (10.2-81.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of periodontal conditions during orthodontic treatment is essential for treatment success. Orthodontists should instruct patients on appropriate oral hygiene practices and on detecting changes in periodontal status, as well as should recommend periodontal consultation when needed. Orthodontic treatment in adult patients, through esthetic and functional improvement, should lead to an improvement in psychosocial wellbeing and an increase in quality of life.