Comparative evaluation of the cytokine profile in platelet-rich fibrin and hyperacute serum from periodontitis patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus: An ex vivo cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is regarded as the 6th microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In individuals with both periodontitis and T2DM, the condition may adversely influence the regenerative potential of the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and hyperacute serum (HAS) derived from these patients. OBJECTIVES: The present cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the weight and cytokine levels of the PRF and HAS obtained from periodontitis patients with or without T2DM in a laboratory setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Platelet-rich fibrin and HAS were obtained from 17 periodontitis patients with T2DM (group 1: T2DM+/P+), 17 periodontitis patients without T2DM (group 2: T2DM-/P+), and 16 periodontally healthy participants (group 3: T2DM-/P-). Demographic, periodontal and hematological parameters were recorded for all participants. Serum, PRF and HAS samples were quantified and analyzed for inflammatory markers - interleukin-6 (IL-6), resistin (RETN), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-1β, and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) - as well as growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21). RESULTS: The quantities of PRF and HAS obtained were significantly higher in healthy individuals as compared to diabetic patients. The concentrations of inflammatory markers and growth factors in serum, PRF and HAS from periodontitis patients were not significantly different between those with and without T2DM. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontitis in conjunction with T2DM may influence the weight of PRF and HAS; however, no significant association was observed with respect to the levels of inflammatory markers and growth factors.