Effect of Eager Grow-Up, A Glyphosate Based Herbicides, on Condition Factor and the Liver of Clarias Gariepinus

This study investigated the effects of sub-lethal exposure to a glyphosate-based herbicide on water quality, hepatosomatic index (HSI), liver enzyme activity, and liver histopathology of Clarias gariepinus under laboratory conditions. Physico-chemical parameters of aquaria water showed only slight, non-significant variations between treatment and control groups and remained within acceptable limits for warm-water fish, indicating that observed effects were not attributable to water quality changes. A significant, time-dependent reduction in HSI was recorded in exposed fish, suggesting progressive hepatic stress. Serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased with exposure duration, indicating impaired liver function. Histopathological examination revealed inflammatory cell infiltration, hepatocellular necrosis, hepatocyte depletion, and fatty degeneration, increasing over time. The combined physiological, biochemical, and histological responses demonstrate that the liver is a primary target organ of herbicide toxicity. These findings highlight the usefulness of integrating organosomatic indices, liver enzyme biomarkers, and histopathology in aquatic toxicity assessments and emphasize the potential ecological risks associated with herbicide contamination of aquatic environments.