Practical guide to refractometry examination

Refractometry is an essential procedure in ophthalmology for diagnosing refractive errors and associated diseases. A well-performed refraction examination improves visual function, reduces problems related to the adaptation of optical devices, and contributes to patients’ ocular health and well-being. In the current literature, there is a scarcity of publications providing guidelines for the steps of a refraction examination. With the aim of proposing a detailed protocol for this examination, a non-systematic literature review of scientific articles, procedural manuals on refraction techniques, and textbooks on ocular refractometry was conducted. The protocol presented herein includes guidance on equipment preparation, patient positioning, and the use of eye drops, as well as objective and subjective refraction techniques. The aim of the protocol is to minimize diagnostic variability, improve result accuracy, and provide support for both clinical practice and scientific research. Despite its systematization, the protocol emphasizes the importance of medical autonomy, as well as continuous training for ophthalmologists.