Ecotoxicity of EU-Approved Triazole Fungicides Across Aquatic and Terrestrial Non-Target Organisms: A Systematic Review

This systematic review will evaluate the ecotoxicity of EU-approved triazole fungicides across aquatic and terrestrial non-target organisms. Data will be collected from peer-reviewed articles, regulatory documents, and publicly available databases. Endpoint values (EC50, IC50, LC50, LD50) will be standardized and categorized according to EPA ecotoxicity criteria where possible. Subgroup analyses will be conducted by organism type, endpoint type, and test period when available. Synthesized results will be presented in tabular and graphical formats in the manuscript, and meta-analysis or sensitivity analyses will be performed if sufficient quantitative data are available. The review aims to provide a transparent and reproducible assessment of the environmental impact of triazole fungicides and to identify gaps in ecotoxicity knowledge for non-target species.