Smoking and vaping cessation interventions for Indigenous people: An international review of trial designs, outcomes, and implementation barriers and enablers

This project is a scoping review of smoking and vaping cessation interventions developed for and delivered to Indigenous peoples in countries with shared histories of colonisation. The primary purpose of this review is to systematically map the existing evidence on Indigenous smoking and vaping cessation interventions, with a focus not only on cessation outcomes but also on how interventions have been developed, implemented, and evaluated. The review will describe intervention characteristics, study designs, methodological approaches (including recruitment, retention, and community involvement), and the range of outcomes assessed. Particular attention will be given to implementation-related outcomes including acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, and contextual factors influencing uptake and sustainability, as these elements are critical for real-world effectiveness but are often underreported. The review will include primary quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies involving Indigenous adults exclusively and will follow Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for scoping reviews. By synthesising evidence across intervention types, settings, and Indigenous populations, this project aims to identify common approaches, gaps in reporting, and key barriers and enablers to implementation. Expected outcomes of this review include a comprehensive map of Indigenous smoking and vaping cessation interventions, improved understanding of how these interventions are designed and implemented within Indigenous contexts, and identification of evidence gaps to guide future research. The findings are intended to inform Indigenous-led research, policy development, and practice by supporting the design, evaluation, and implementation of culturally safe and contextually appropriate smoking and vaping cessation interventions.