Clinical translation analysis of extracellular-vesicle based therapy

Extraceelular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have demonstrated significant therapeutic potential across a wide range of preclinical disease models. However, despite rapid advances in the field of extracellular vesicles, their clinical translation remains slow and fragmented. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of EV-based clinical trials, examines the major factors hindering clinical translation, and discusses future perspectives from bench to bedside, offering new insights to accelerate the development of safe, effective, and standardized exosome-based therapeutics.