Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) to brain metastasis (BM): a systematic review of current trends, treatment strategies and outcomes

This project is a systematic review of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with brain metastasis (BM) that will synthesize the current evidence on trends, treatment strategies, and outcomes. We will summarize how often and when BM occurs in TNBC, describe patient and tumor characteristics associated with CNS spread, and map contemporary management approaches including local therapies (surgery, stereotactic radiosurgery, whole-brain radiotherapy) and systemic treatments (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, antibody–drug conjugates, PARP inhibitors and other targeted/novel agents when applicable), including common sequencing and multimodality patterns. The review will extract and compare reported outcomes such as overall survival, progression-free survival, intracranial control, neurologic/quality-of-life outcomes, and key toxicities, and will highlight gaps in the literature to guide future research and improve clinical decision-making for this high-risk population.