Multi-national test of the Nature-as-Reward hypothesis in schoolchildren

This research aims to test the Nature-as-Reward hypothesis in schoolchildren using data from The TIMSS 2023 Longitudinal International Database, which includes student achievement and process data along with student, home, teacher, school, and national context data collected in 2023 and 2024. Specifically, this research intends to see the different effects of Children's nature contact/exposure on their school readiness (e.g., feelings when arriving at schools) and task engagement (e.g., science/math learning enjoyment). As the data were collected from multiple countries, this study examines whether the effects vary across national contexts.