A systematic review of global governance frameworks for insecticide resistance management in agricultural production systems

This systematic review addresses three research questions: 1. How are insecticide resistance management (IRM) policies and guidelines for crop pests designed and governed at global, regional, and national levels? 2. What instruments and implementation mechanisms are used to operationalise IRM in agricultural systems, and how are these supported or constrained by governance arrangements? 3. What evidence exists that IRM policies and guidelines influence on-the-ground practices, resistance monitoring, and resistance outcomes in crop pests, and where are the major governance gaps? Protocol registered January 2026.