Self-management interventions for cancer patients with immune-related adverse events: a scoping review

Immunotherapy has become an important approach in cancer treatment. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as a representative form of immunotherapy, have achieved significant progress in the treatment of various tumors. They can effectively inhibit tumor growth by activating the body's immune system and significantly prolong patient survival. However, while delivering therapeutic benefits, ICIs may also induce immune-related adverse events (irAEs). These adverse events exhibit diverse clinical manifestations and can occur at any stage during treatment. If not identified and managed promptly, some irAEs may worsen and even become life-threatening. Studies have shown that the identification and monitoring of irAEs largely depend on patients' self-management abilities, which closely influence treatment safety and long-term prognosis. Therefore, enhancing patients' self-management of immune-related adverse events has become a crucial component in improving treatment safety and overall outcomes.