A scoping review of risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in patients with intracranial tumors

Objective: To conduct a scoping review of risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in patients undergoing craniocerebral tumor surgery, providing references for clinical nursing practice and future research. Methods: Five English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL) and four Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and China Biomedical Literature Database) were searched for relevant literature on the construction or validation of risk prediction models for postoperative delirium in patients with craniocerebral tumors. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to March 1, 2026. Information on the applicable population, incidence of postoperative delirium, methodological approaches to model construction, predictive factors, and performance was extracted. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated using the Clinical Prediction Model Bias Risk Assessment Tool. The included literature was analyzed and discussed.