Trauma and Autism: a Scoping Review of the Literature

This research project consists of a scoping review examining how trauma has been conceptualized, studied, assessed, and addressed within autistic populations. Autistic individuals are increasingly recognized as being at heightened risk for exposure to potentially traumatic experiences, yet existing research remains fragmented, conceptually inconsistent, and often narrowly focused on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This project aims to synthesize the empirical literature in order to clarify the current state of knowledge and identify key gaps that limit progress in research, assessment, and clinical practice. The primary purpose of this scoping review is threefold. First, it seeks to systematically map the volume, characteristics, and distribution of empirical studies published between 2000 and 2024 that explicitly address trauma or PTSD in autistic individuals. Second, it aims to identify and synthesize the major conceptual and empirical themes emerging from this body of literature, including vulnerability to trauma, symptom presentation, assessment practices, and intervention approaches. Third, the review is designed to highlight methodological, conceptual, and population-level gaps that should inform future research priorities and the development of more inclusive, trauma-informed practices. The review follows the methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and subsequent refinements for scoping reviews. Peer-reviewed studies published in English or French were identified through systematic searches of four multidisciplinary databases (PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC, and Web of Science), complemented by reference list screening. Broad search terms related to autism and trauma were deliberately used to capture diverse conceptualizations of trauma, including but not limited to PTSD. All empirical study designs were eligible for inclusion. A multi-stage screening process involving multiple reviewers was implemented to minimize bias and ensure rigorous study selection. Data were extracted using a standardized charting framework and synthesized through descriptive analyses and an inductive, collaborative thematic approach. The expected outcomes of this project include a comprehensive mapping of how trauma has been studied in autistic populations over time, identification of recurring themes and dominant research trends, and a clearer understanding of how trauma-related experiences and responses may differ from others. By documenting the heterogeneity of definitions, methods, and findings, this review is expected to provide conceptual clarity and support the argument for broader, developmentally sensitive, and autism-informed approaches to trauma research. Ultimately, the findings are intended to inform future empirical studies, guide the adaptation of assessment tools and interventions, and contribute to more equitable and responsive mental health practices for autistic individuals.