Active Expiration Against the Ventilator as a Form of Patient-Ventilator-Asynchrony: A Scoping Review

Mechanical ventilation is frequently required to ensure gas exchange in patients with respiratory failure. The ventilator settings have to be adapted continuously in order to meet patient needs. Active expiration against the ventilator is a prevalent condition in mechanically ventilated patients and is often associated with stress and reduced tolerance of the ventilator. The aim of this scoping review is to obtain an overview of the published articles on this subject and to identify possible research gaps.