Transition of Care in Neurogenic Bladder: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Spina Bifida and Spinal Cord-Related Bladder Dysfunction from Childhood to Adulthood

RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND OBJECTIVES - Primary Research Questions What is the volume, trajectory, and distribution of published research on transition of care in neurogenic bladder (specifically spina bifida and spinal cord-related conditions) across pediatric and adult urology literature? What is the proportion of published research that is outcomes-based (measuring tangible health outcomes) versus process-based (describing transition programs, barriers, readiness assessments)? What is the proportion of research employing rigorous intervention designs (RCTs, quasi-experimental) versus descriptive designs (cross-sectional, surveys, qualitative)? What research gaps exist between current published evidence and established transition care guidelines (Got Transition, AAP Clinical Report, ICCS, NICE)? How has the focus of research on transition care in neurogenic bladder evolved over time (temporal trends)? - Secondary Research Questions Which outcome domains dominate the literature: renal/urological outcomes, quality of life/psychosocial outcomes, or healthcare utilization outcomes? What transition models are most frequently studied: joint clinics, sequential transfer, parallel care, or other models? Which stakeholder perspectives are represented in the literature: patient/family, provider, or system/policy-level perspectives? What is the geographic distribution of research and are there disparities in publication volume from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)? - Study Objectives Primary Objective: Characterize the research