Donor–Weed Interactions and Biochemical Response Underlying Allelopathic Suppression in Rice Weed System: A Systematic Review

The findings of this review will be useful in pointing out plant species that have natural weed-suppressing ability and identifying plant species with natural weed-suppressing ability that can reduce the use of synthetic chemicals. A systematic summary of laboratory evidence will make it easier for researchers and decision-makers to recognize which plants are worth testing further in greenhouse or field conditions. By bringing together information from different studies, this review also aims to provide a clearer picture of how allelopathy works against rice weeds. Understanding which compounds or plant parts are responsible for inhibition can guide future work on isolating bioactive substances and formulating plant-based bioherbicides. This is important for countries that are moving towards sustainable rice production systems and wish to lower the ecological footprint of crop protection. Furthermore, the review supports the concept of integrated weed management, where biological and cultural methods are combined to maintain productivity while protecting the environment. It can serve as a reference for students, researchers, and extension officers who are interested in natural weed control methods and in developing new ideas for sustainable agriculture. Overall, this study is expected to strengthen the scientific foundation for using allelopathy as a practical, environmentally sound approach to rice weed management, and to identify the knowledge gaps that still need attention before such practices can be widely adopted in paddy farming systems.