Validation of markerless motion capture systems for lower extremity kinematics in the sagittal plane during running: a systematic review and Meta-analysis

This study aims to systematically evaluate the agreement between markerless motion capture (MMC) systems and traditional marker-based motion capture systems (MBSs) in measuring lower-limb sagittal plane kinematics during running. Marker-based motion capture is widely considered the gold standard for biomechanical analysis; however, it requires complex laboratory setups, specialized equipment, and time-consuming marker placement. In contrast, markerless motion capture technologies have emerged as a promising alternative due to their ease of use, reduced preparation time, and potential for application in more natural environments.