Source of evidence selection

Following the search, all identified citations will be collated and uploaded into excel and duplicates will be removed. The titles and abstracts of retrieved records will be screened independently by two reviewers for assessment against the inclusion criteria for the review. Potentially relevant studies will be retrieved in full, and their citation details will be imported into a screening tool (Rayyan) for full-text assessment. The full text of selected citations will be assessed in detail against the inclusion criteria by two independent reviewers. Reasons for the exclusion of sources of evidence at full text that do not meet the inclusion criteria will be recorded and reported in the scoping review. Any disagreements that arise between the reviewers at any stage of the selection process will be resolved through discussion and the involvement of a third reviewer. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in full in the final scoping review and presented in a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram. We will develop and pilot a standardized extraction form (Excel template already prepared). Data fields include: Emergency type Model type (in vivo/in vitro/etc.) Species/cell line Cancer type/model Induction protocol Pathophysiology Interventions tested Outcomes (primary/secondary) Reproducibility elements (randomization, blinding) Translational readiness level (T0/T1) Country/year Funding/conflicts