Implementation of artificial intelligence in prosthetics for amputees: a scoping review

Amputation is the surgical removal of a limb secondary to injury or disease and represents a growing global health burden. Its incidence and prevalence have increased over recent years, driven primarily by trauma, peripheral arterial disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypoperfusion states. Individuals living with limb loss face significant physical, functional, and psychosocial challenges that substantially affect quality of life. Prosthetic devices have evolved significantly; however, achieving control and sensory feedback comparable to a biological limb remains challenging. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance prosthetic functionality through adaptive motor control and personalization. Despite increasing research, evidence remains heterogeneous. This scoping review aims to systematically map existing evidence on AI implementation in prosthetics for amputee patients.