Impact of glaze on the properties of CAD-CAM denture base resins: A systematic review of in vitro studies

This study consists of a systematic review of in vitro investigations evaluating the effects of glaze application on CAD-CAM denture base resins manufactured by milling and three-dimensional printing. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available evidence regarding whether glaze application influences the surface, mechanical, optical, and biological properties of these materials. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and followed a predefined protocol registered in the Open Science Framework. An electronic search was performed in multiple databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase, complemented by grey literature sources. Eligible studies were in vitro investigations that evaluated CAD-CAM denture base resins subjected to glaze application and compared them with unglazed or conventionally polished specimens. The primary outcomes of interest included surface roughness, hardness, wettability, surface gloss, color stability, flexural strength, and biofilm formation by Candida albicans. Data extraction and study selection were performed independently by calibrated reviewers. The expected outcome of this review is to clarify the potential benefits and limitations of glaze application as a surface finishing strategy for CAD-CAM denture base resins and to support evidence-based decision-making regarding its clinical relevance.