The Influencing Factors of Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Age-Related Eye Disease：A Scoping Review

Objective This study conducted a scoping review on the outcome assessment tools and influencing factors of cognitive impairment in patients with age-related eye diseases, aiming to provide evidence for personalized interventions against cognitive decline in this population. Methods In accordance with the scoping review guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) of Australia, a systematic literature search was performed in both Chinese and English databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database. The search time frame was set from 2015 to December 2025. Literatures related to the influencing factors of cognitive impairment in patients with age-related eye diseases were retrieved, and data extraction, collation and result reporting were conducted for the included literatures. Results A total of 12 studies were included in this study, and 23 influencing factors of cognitive impairment in patients with age-related eye diseases were identified, which were classified into three dimensions: individual factors (e.g., age, gender, BMI, sleep disorders, lifestyle); disease factors (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, poor uncorrected visual acuity, tessellated fundus, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, mean visual field deviation, central retinal artery flow velocity，hypertension, decreased diastolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases); and biological mechanism factor (APOEε4 gene). Conclusion Cognitive impairment in patients with age-related eye diseases is affected by complex, multi-dimensional factors. Healthcare providers can develop risk screening scales based on the high-risk factors for cognitive impairment in this population to screen out high-risk individuals in a timely manner, formulate personalized diagnosis and treatment measures, improve the quality of life of patients with age-related eye diseases, and reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes in this group.