How do online platforms facilitate or inhibit chemsex among key populations: A scoping review

This scoping review aims to systematically map and synthesize the existing evidence on how online platforms (including social media and dating apps) facilitate or inhibit chemsex practices among key populations. Chemsex, defined as the intentional use of psychoactive substances in sexual contexts, has been associated with heightened risks of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections, substance dependence and mental health harms. The increasing use of online platforms to meet sexual partners, organize encounters and exchange information has positioned these technologies as influential environments shaping chemsex-related behaviors. The primary objectives of this review are to (1) map existing evidence on the role of online platforms in facilitating chemsex behaviors among key populations, and (2) explore how these platforms may also be used to prevent or mitigate chemsex-related harms. This review will synthesize findings from both qualitative and quantitative studies across diverse populations and cultural contexts. The expected outcomes include a comprehensive overview of platform-related mechanisms influencing chemsex, identification of gaps in current research, and insights to inform future digital health interventions, harm reduction strategies, and policy responses targeting chemsex in online settings.