Non-pharmacological interventions for sexual dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease: A scoping review

The patients with cardiovascular disease often suffer from sexual dysfunction, which is related to their family happiness, quality of life, and long-term survival rates. Researchers have employed non-pharmacological interventions, but the relevant literature is scattered and lacks an up-to-date summary.The purpose of this study is to map and examine the current non-pharmacological interventions used to improve sexual dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular disease,and to provide guidance for future studies.This study adhered to the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Chinese Biomedical Journal, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WAN FANG Data were retrieved from their inception to 31th December 2025.By consolidating dispersed evidence, this review seeks to inform clinical practice and identify critical research gaps, thereby addressing the current absence of standardized management guidelines.