Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Recurrence Among People Living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem, particularly among people living with HIV, who are at much higher risk of developing active TB and experiencing poor outcomes after treatment due to immune suppression. Sub-Saharan Africa bears a disproportionate burden of both HIV and TB, yet evidence on tuberculosis recurrence among PLHIV in this region is limited and outdated, with most studies focusing on TB in general rather than recurrence specifically. The purpose of this review is to synthesize existing evidence on factors associated with TB recurrence among people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa and to examine how these factors vary across countries in the region, with the expected outcome of improving understanding of clinical, treatment related and social determinants of recurrence and informing future research, policy and targeted interventions to reduce TB recurrence and improve long term outcomes among PLHIV.