The definition of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) and its operationalisation in the scientific literature: a scoping review

Background: Playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a major occupational health concern among musicians. The definition by Zaza et al. (1998) has been widely cited as the reference standard in this field, yet its operationalization across studies remains unclear. Objective: This scoping review aims to systematically map if and how the Zaza et al. (1998) definition of PRMDs has been operationalized in the scientific literature on musicians' musculoskeletal health. Methods: A scoping review methodology following PRISMA-ScR guidelines will be conducted. Electronic databases to be searched will include PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus/Web of Science. A manual search will additionally be conducted on Medical Problems of Performing Artists (MPPA), the primary peer-reviewed journal in the field of performing arts medicine. Studies will be included if they involve musicians and use PRMDs or related descriptors as a primary outcome or focus. Expected outcomes: The review will map the extent and nature of definitional heterogeneity in the PRMDs literature, identify gaps in operationalization, and provide a foundation for future systematic reviews on more homogeneous subgroups.