Investigating the Role of Visual and Proprioceptive Feedback in Recognition Memory During Active and Passive Movement

This study aims to investigate how different sources of sensorimotor information, visual observation, proprioceptive feedback, and active motor execution, contribute to recognition memory for unfamiliar written symbols. Previous literature shows that handwriting improves memory relative to viewing; however, it is unclear whether this benefit arises primarily from active motor engagement or from multisensory feedback (visual + proprioceptive). By comparing static viewing, dynamic viewing, robot-guided passive writing, and active handwriting, this study will determine the relative cognitive contribution of each component.