Exploring Diagnostic Disparities in Autism Among Black Women and Girls: A Systematic Review

This systematic review aims to examine patterns, timing, and contributing factors associated with delayed or late autism diagnosis in Black girls. Guided by a neurodiversity-affirming and intersectional lens, which recognises autism as a natural form of human diversity rather than a deficit and considers the interlocking effects of race, gender, and systemic inequalities, this review will synthesise evidence regarding diagnostic age, pathways to identification, systemic barriers, and the influence of race and gender on recognition. By centring Black girls’ perspectives, this review seeks to highlight critical gaps in understanding how intersecting factors influence the Autistic experience across the lifespan and to address the longstanding underrepresentation of Black autistic women in autism research.