Protocol for Systematic Review: Models of Scientific Knowledge Transfer, Gaps and STI Ecosystems in Iberoamerica

Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) ecosystems in Iberoamerica have historically been conceived under a linear technology transfer model, where knowledge flows unidirectionally from university to industry and a few at comunities. In recent decades, alternative approaches have emerged based on innovation ecosystems, triple and quadruple helix models, and, more recently, social appropriation of knowledge, knowledge management, and knowledge economy approaches oriented toward sustainable and territorial development. However, the literature on these ecosystems is dispersed, and there is little systematic synthesis on: (i) how scientific knowledge transfer is conceptualized, (ii) which gaps and barriers are identified in practice, and (iii) to what extent a transition is observed from linear models to social appropriation and SDG-oriented approaches in the Iberoamerican context. This review aims to fill that gap by providing an evidence base for the design of territorial STI strategies and policies, as a contribution to building common agendas on priority development issues