The Application of CDIO Concept in Undergraduate Nursing Teaching: A Scoping Review

Undergraduate nursing education is the key to cultivating high-quality applied nursing talents, and its quality directly affects the level of medical and health services. The current medical environment demands that nursing graduates not only master solid theoretical knowledge (Know), but also possess practical skills (Do), clinical thinking (Think), teamwork ability, and professional values (Own & Operate). However, the traditional teaching mode has problems such as the disconnection between theory and clinical practice, and the separation between skills training and clinical decision-making, which leads to students' insufficient ability to comprehensively apply and solve problems when facing real clinical situations. To bridge this "gap between knowledge and action", it is necessary to introduce innovative educational models. The CDIO (Conceive-Design-Implement-Operate) educational concept emphasizes "learning by doing", focusing on the integration of knowledge and the entire process of practice, which is conducive to promoting the transformation of nursing teaching from "teacher lecturing" to "student-led and practice-oriented". At present, CDIO has been attempted to be applied in courses such as orthopedic nursing and pediatric nursing both at home and abroad, and has shown positive effects on students' comprehensive clinical ability, teamwork and innovative thinking. However, the existing research is rather scattered and lacks systematic integration. Therefore, this study intends to conduct a scope review to systematically sort out the current application status, models, effects and challenges of CDIO in undergraduate nursing teaching, in order to construct an evidence map, provide a basis for future nursing curriculum reform, and promote the development of nursing education towards practicality and innovation.