Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in Poland: a qualitative study among the general population, physicians, and other experts

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical public health threat, driven largely by the overuse of antibiotics. Poland reports one of the highest rates of antibiotic consumption in Europe. While quantitative data indicate the scale of the problem, there is a need to deeply understand the beliefs, attitudes, and contextual factors influencing antibiotic use and related behaviors. This qualitative study aims to explore the views, experiences, and behaviors related to antibiotic use and resistance among three groups in Poland: (1) the general population, (2) primary care physicians, and (3) experts and stakeholders in public health, medicine and antimicrobial resistance/stewardship. The study will identify influences on antibiotic use, barriers to prudent antibiotic use/prescribing, and potential strategies for Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS). Data will be collected through semi-structured individual interviews and focus group interviews. Findings will inform the development of future interventions.