Artificial Intelligence for the Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in Primary Healthcare: Implementation, Effectiveness, and Challenges—A Scoping Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely considered to have the potential to strengthen the capacity of non-communicable disease management in primary healthcare. However, evidence regarding its real-world implementation and effectiveness in primary care settings has not been systematically synthesized. This scoping review aims to comprehensively map the current applications of AI across the full continuum of chronic non-communicable disease management in primary healthcare—from prevention and screening to diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management—and to summarize reported evaluation indicators and key implementation barriers.