The Role and Effectiveness of Nipple Shields in Breastfeeding Preterm Infants: A Scoping Review

Nipple shields (also known as nipple protectors or breast shields) are thin, soft silicone devices that cover the areola and nipple surface and are worn before breastfeeding. Their core function is to assist the infant in achieving an effective latch, thereby reducing the risk of early breastfeeding interruption and helping mothers achieve their breastfeeding goals. Multiple sizes are currently available on the market to accommodate different needs[1]. As an auxiliary breastfeeding tool, nipple shields are widely used for protecting sore nipples and improving infant latch, with 22% of early lactating women in Denmark having used them[2]. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months after birth, as breastfeeding provides unique nutritional and non-nutritional benefits for both infants and mothers[3]. As a common aid in breastfeeding practice, the clinical value of nipple shields has been preliminarily validated in several studies. For example, they are widely used in breastfeeding preterm infants by protecting the nipple, improving nipple condition, and assisting infants with weak sucking ability in latching, thereby providing crucial support for the successful progression of breastfeeding in preterm infants[13].