Risk of bias

This document contains the results of the assessment of bias risk and methodological quality of the studies included in this systematic review. The assessment was conducted using three instruments: the modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies (NOS-xs), the AXIS checklist, and the JBI checklist, with scoring, quality categories (low/moderate/high RoB), and brief comments for each study. The table facilitates transparency of assessment and can be used for sensitivity analysis and interpretation of synthesis results.