Impact of The Sudan Armed Conflict on General Operative Practices at Teaching Hospitals, Sudan, 2025: a prospective cross-sectional study

This is a prospective,cross-sectional research assessing the impact of ongoing armed conflict on general surgical service delivery at two major teaching hospitals in Sudan (Sennar and Singa). Conducted over August-September 2025, the study will observe 218 general surgery operations to quantify key indicators of surgical capacity and safety. Specific objectives are to measure the availability of: 1) minimum surgical team staffing, 2) essential and functional instruments, 3) required anesthetic equipment, 4) critical pre-operative investigations, and 5) the frequency of intraoperative war related disruptions. Data will be collected via structured observation checklists and questionnaire . The findings aim to provide evidence on the operational challenges in conflict zones to inform surgical preparedness and humanitarian response strategies.