Bridging the Knowledge–Behaviour–Injury Divide: A Comparative Systematic Review of Agricultural Occupational Safety Training in Developed and Developing Contexts

Purpose: This systematic review will examine whether agricultural safety training reduces injuries by tracing outcomes along a pathway from knowledge acquisition → behaviour change → injury reduction, and will compare how this pathway works in developed versus developing countries. Background: Agriculture is highly hazardous. Safety training improves knowledge but does not consistently change behaviour or reduce injuries. This "translation gap" will be examined for motivational barriers in developed countries versus structural barriers in developing countries. Methods: Approximately 20 studies (systematic reviews, RCTs, primary studies) will be included from North America, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, Africa, Southeast Asia, and Australia. Risk of bias will be assessed using design-appropriate tools (AMSTAR-2, RoB 2, ROBINS-I, ROBINS-E, JBI, CASP). Narrative synthesis will be conducted by outcome domain and context. Expected outcomes: Knowledge will show large improvements. Behaviour will show moderate, context-dependent effects. Injury reduction will require structural support beyond training alone. Conclusion: Training is expected to be necessary but insufficient. Sustainable injury reduction will require integration with regulation, resources, and community engagement.