Scoping review of data quality control methods in knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) studies

Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) surveys are pivotal in health research for understanding behaviors and informing interventions. The validity and utility of their findings are fundamentally dependent on rigorous quality control (QC) procedures implemented during data collection. While numerous QC methods exist (e.g., validity/reliability testing, piloting, trap questions, logic checks, real-time electronic validation, self-evaluation), and methodologies continue to evolve (particularly with the shift to digital platforms), a comprehensive, systematic synthesis and critical evaluation of the current landscape of QC practices specifically within KAP research is lacking. This scoping review aims to address this gap by systematically identifying, categorizing, and evaluating the range of QC methods currently employed in KAP studies globally. By mapping and analyzing these practices, the review will elucidate current trends, identify common reporting deficiencies,and highlight effective (or problematic) strategies across different research contexts. The findings are expected to offer evidence- based guidance for researchers designing KAP surveys, promote greater standardization and transparency in reporting QC procedures.