Ecological perspectives in Technology-enhanced language learning and individual differences: a scoping review from 2016 to 2025

This project registers a scoping review protocol that maps how ecological perspectives, technology-enhanced language learning (TELL), and individual differences (IDs) have been integrated in second/foreign language education between 2016 and 2025. The review addresses four questions: (1) the characteristics of relevant studies, (2) which aspects of ecology, technology, and IDs have been examined and are dominant, (3) how ecological perspectives have been operationalized in TELL–ID research, and (4) key gaps and future research directions.