Vagal Nerve stimulation in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

This literature review examines the viability of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in the treatment for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), with an emphasis on myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF). We discuss VNS efficacy and mechanisms by contrasting the findings from significant trials, such as NECTAR-HF and INOVATE-HF, and new research on VNS in MI. Inflammation is a critical factor in the development of CVDs, driving the progression of atherosclerosis and heart failure. Using the cholinergic anti-inflammatory route, VNS has become a popular treatment approach in targeting inflammation and can reduce the inflammatory response, the root of many CVDs. Adjusting the body's natural inflammatory processes provides a novel way to manage CVDs. We also review the efficacy of pharmacological interventions in the management of hypertension and heart failure, employing Python for future rate projection to compare their usage over VNS.