Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of food allergy among school-age children in Vietnam and surrounding Southeast Asian regions

Food allergy (FA) is a significant and growing health concern globally. The burden of FA is measured not only by negative impacts on the quality of life, psychological well-being, and social integration, but also by significant financial strain. Despite the urgent global need for improved FA management, the literature regarding FA prevalence, common allergens, and diagnostic accuracy among school-age children in Vietnam and surrounding Southeast Asia regions remains sparse. Thus, a systematic review focusing on FA epidemiology and diagnostic accuracy among school-age children in these regions is imperative. Our preliminary prediction suggested that the prevalence rates will range from 3% to 10% among school-aged children, with variation between urban and rural children, depending on their access to diverse diets and healthcare services. Common allergens specific to Southeast Asian populations, as well as their associated symptoms, ranging from skin reactions and gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular symptoms, will be identified. Our study also hopes to highlight the unreliability of food-specific IgE and other skin sensitization tests, with oral food challenge, albeit underutilization, remaining the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. The study’s findings are expected to be useful for health administrators and professionals, policymakers, and teachers to build safer learning environments and improve awareness about FA management, leading to better quality of life for students, stronger school health systems, and better public health overall.