Source Data Figures 5J, 5K, 6F, and Source Data Supplemental Figures S1, S3D, S7K, S8H and S9D

The files include: Source Data Figure 5J Raw OD₆₀₀ readings over 30 h at 37 °C under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. Source Data Figure 5K Ct values and relative expression (2^–ΔΔCt) of genes related to translation of N. elongata under anaerobic versus microaerophilic conditions. Source Data Figure 6F Ct values and relative expression (2^–ΔΔCt) of genes related to oxidative stress defense, signal transduction, and gingipain proteases of P. gingivalis under anaerobic versus microaerophilic conditions. Source Data Figure S1 Bacterial counts in each square for each sample. Source Data Figure S3D Spearman R and p values for genus-level correlations between scRNA-seq and metagenomic profiles. Source Data Figure S7K Ct values and relative expression (2^–ΔCt) of genes related to adhesion, T6SS, and nitrate respiration of N. elongata under anaerobic versus microaerophilic conditions. Source Data Figure S8H Ct values and relative expression (2^–ΔΔCt) of genes related to peptidase-related genes of P. intermedia under anaerobic versus microaerophilic conditions. Source Data Figure S9D Ct values and relative expression (2^–ΔΔCt) of genes related to arginine utilization of P. gingivalis under anaerobic versus microaerophilic conditions.