Reconstruction of post-resection defects of the superior and inferior thoracic aperture framework

A surgical method is often used to treat a tumor lesion of the chest wall. Such procedures inevitably result in a defect that disrupts the skeletal framework and biomechanics of the thorax, leading to subsequent impairment of its organ function. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, including modern implants, the reconstruction of extensive chest wall defects, particularly in the aperture regions, remains a challenging task, regardless of etiology. This article discusses the principal challenges associated with the reconstruction of defects in the superior and inferior thoracic apertures in the context of oncological pathology. We present clinical cases involving extensive resection of the thoracic framework in the region of the superior and inferior apertures, with simultaneous reconstruction using super-elastic mesh implants made of nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol).