The evolution of the biotechnology sector

This paper analyses the biotechnology sector in the European Union (EU), with a focus on trends in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and foreign direct investment (FDI). It presents two foresight exercises that explore four plausible scenarios for red and green biotechnology, and examines the challenges and opportunities shaping the EU’s ability to compete in a rapidly evolving global economy. The analysis aims to inform policy by highlighting the role of SMEs and investment in driving innovation, sustainability, and resilience across the biotechnology value chain.