OECD Environmental Performance Reviews: Colombia 2026

Colombia has progressively strengthened its policy and institutional framework to address climate change, biodiversity loss and other environmental challenges over the past decade. The country has ambitious climate mitigation targets calling for accelerated action to achieve deep cuts in greenhouse gas emissions. Colombia has taken steps to green its tax system, but further reforms are needed to strengthen carbon pricing and phase out fossil fuel subsidies. The country is a frontrunner in integrating climate into financial sector policies, but financing flows remain misaligned with climate goals. While progress has been made to improve air quality, waste management and circular economy policies, improvements to water supply and sanitation has been slow. Colombia has made important strides to stem biodiversity loss and reduce deforestation, but further efforts are needed to mainstream biodiversity into key economic sectors. This is the second OECD Environmental Performance Review of Colombia. It provides an independent, evidence-based assessment of the country’s progress towards its environmental objectives over the past decade. The review provides 46 recommendations to help Colombia improve its environmental performance, with a special focus on biodiversity conservation and sustainable use.