The Agromorphological, Physiological and Biochemical Effects of Different Phosphorus Levels on Red Radish Growth

The aim of this research was to examine the agro-morphological, physiological, and biochemical reactions of red radish (Raphanus sativus var. radicula) to varying concentrations of phosphorus(P) in a hydroponic setting. Three levels of P were administered using Hoagland’s nutrient solution: low P (-25%, 23.25 ppm), control (31.00 ppm), and high P (+25%, 38.75 ppm). The study assessed plant growth, root morphology, P uptake, and its distribution across shoots, roots, and tubers. The results show that radish plants grown under high P conditions have the largest tuber width, length, and weight, while root morphological parameters generally have the highest values in plants grown under low phosphorus conditions. In such cases (Low P), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, carotenoids, and chlorophyll a increased, while chlorophyll b decreased significantly. In the high phosphorus application, the leaf relative water content value was found to be higher than that of the control group, while the carotenoid level was found to be low. About the total phosphorus content in different plant organs, low phosphorus application in shoots was evident, while high phosphorus application in roots increased phosphorus accumulation. Conversely, tuber phosphorus declined under low phosphorus conditions but remained sustained under both control and high phosphorus levels. These results underscore the differing morphological and physiological adaptations of red radish in response to varying phosphorus availability, offering valuable insights for improving nutrient management in hydroponic production systems.