Documentation and scientific analysis of sensitivities of cityscale emission estimation sensitivity to wind and surface fluxes

The quantification of city scale greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is an important component of national and international assessment of climate action objectives. The inherent heterogeneity of urban GHG source and sink spatial distributions and their temporal dynamics pose significant challenges to the accuracy of these assessment efforts. In this report we address the concepts leveraged in the ICOS Cities PAUL project to address the uncertainties of the city scale GHG emission estimations, which arise from characteristic urban heterogeneity. In the Concluding Remarks we briefly synthesize overarching implications and limitations of the shown concepts to provide perspective for long-term operational concepts and transferability.