Varied Characteristics of R&D Expenditure in Environmental and Energy Sectors

This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence environmental and energy-related Research and Development (R&D) expenditures.The analysis was based on panel data from 22 manufacturing industries from 2008 to 2023, which was obtained from the "Research and Development Trends Survey" published by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.The findings imply that discrepancies among various industries have a negligible effect on environmental R&D expenditure.Conversely, the results suggest that industry-specific characteristics may play a significant role in allocating resources for energy-related R&D expenditures.Although internal funding plays a major role in both the environmental and energy fields, determining whether it has a positive or negative impact on R&D expenditures requires consideration of the background of both the fixed and random effects models using panel data.