Effect of Galoba (Hornstedtia alliacea) Extract on Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels in Mice (Mus musculus) Hypercholesterolemia

Hypercholesterolemia is a metabolic condition with cholesterol levels >200 mg/dL that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. Elevated triglycerides often accompany this condition, further increasing health risks. Galoba fruit (Hornstedtia alliacea) contains bioactive antioxidant compounds expected to improve lipid profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Galoba fruit ethanol extract on both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in hypercholesterolemic mice (Mus musculus). A post-test-only control group design used 25 mice divided into five groups: normal control (NC), negative control (C−; high-fat diet), positive control (C+; 10 mg/kg BW simvastatin), and two therapeutic groups treated with Galoba extract at 200 mg/kg BW (T1) and 400 mg/kg BW (T2). Total cholesterol and triglycerides were measured after 14 days of intervention. Results showed a reduction in total cholesterol levels in all treated groups, with T1 (106.60 mg/dL) being more effective than T2 (113.60 mg/dL), compared to the Negative Control (C−) group (139.80 mg/dL). Similarly, triglyceride levels were lower in treatment groups, with T1 (120.00 mg/dL) showing lower levels than T2 (159.00 mg/dL) and C+ (146.80 mg/dL). Statistical analysis for triglycerides revealed a p-value of 0.132 (p > 0.05). Overall, Galoba fruit extract has the potential to lower both total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in mice, with the 200 mg/kg BW dose appearing more effective than the 400 mg/kg BW dose.