Age-Related Susceptibility to Urinary Tract Infection Among Circumcised and Uncircumcised Preschool Boys in Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia: A Retrospective Analysis

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a frequent bacterial infection in children. In Indonesia, the interaction between age-specific susceptibility and circumcision status in preschool boys remains underexplored. This study analyzed age-related susceptibility to UTI among circumcised and uncircumcised boys aged two to five years at Negara General Hospital, Jembrana, Bali. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records from 2016 to 2022. Eighty male patients meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The relationships between age, circumcision, and UTI were assessed using the Chi-square test (p < 0.05). The overall prevalence of UTIs was 31.3%. Uncircumcised boys had a significantly higher infection rate (46.9%) compared to circumcised boys (6.5%). While age alone did not show a statistically independent effect, infection frequency was highest in uncircumcised boys aged 2–3 years and declined in older preschoolers as circumcision rates increased. Circumcision confers a significant protective effect against UTI in preschool boys. The data suggest that susceptibility decreases with age, primarily due to the protective benefits of circumcision and developmental maturation. Early circumcision combined with hygiene education is recommended.